Legal, but not indifferent: the effects of cannabis use on oral health

The use of cannabis has been legal in Germany since April 1, 2024. In addition to the widely known health risks associated with smoking, the use of cannabis also has an impact on oral health.

A first consequence is the often occurring dry mouth (med. xerostomia). This occurs because the cannabinoids contained in cannabis, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), interact with the body's own receptors. They influence the function of the body's own cannabinoids and thus inhibit saliva production.

However, saliva plays a crucial role in our oral health. It keeps the mouth moist and protects it in this way. Saliva neutralizes acids, for example, and removes food residues and thus also potential bacterial threats from the teeth. Reduced saliva production impairs the body's own defense mechanisms and makes consumers particularly susceptible to tooth decay. Dry mouth also drastically increases the risk of gum disease. Gingivitis or even inflammation of the periodontium (periodontitis) can occur more frequently.

Regular use of cannabis can also have an effect on dental aesthetics. This happens through smoking. Burning produces residues that are deposited on the teeth. This is exacerbated if tobacco is added to the cannabis cigarettes.

Dental treatment can also suffer from cannabis use. On the one hand, regular use can lead to an increased need for anesthetics during anesthesia. This is due to the possible effects of cannabis on the central nervous system. On the other hand, in addition to the increased tolerance, it can also lead to an increased effect of the anesthetic.